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Κυριακή 8 Σεπτεμβρίου 2019

Εχθρική Αρχιτεκτονική - Hostile Architecture: A Public Service Or Infringement On Human Rights?


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Hostile architecture, also known as defensive architecture, hostile design, unpleasant design, or defensive urban design, is all around us; however, until recently, the topic of this design trend 
had been largely unnoticed.
It isn’t difficult to tell whether or not 

a design element is defensive: 
Windows with decorative spikes to 
prevent pedestrians from sitting, 
benches with large armrests in 
between each seat to discourage the homeless from sleeping in a public space, 
and trees that have installed barbs in the branches to stop bird droppings from 
falling onto parked cars—what do all of these features have in common? 
In recent years, hostile architecture has become a hot topic on social media 
and in the world of architecture. Is it another form of gentrification?
Is it to ensure public safety? Is it just for aesthetics? 
The controversial topic has collected hundreds of thousands of opinions across the web.
15 Examples of 'Anti-Homeless' Hostile Architecture That You Probably Never Noticed Before
In its truest form, hostile architecture can be described as a type of design that is used 

to control people’s behavior. Like most design, this form of architectural design is used 
to dissuade people from engaging in certain behaviors that a piece of architecture may 
or may not have been designed for. Such examples include anti-skateboarding handrails and ledges, which are equipped with studs that are known as “skatestoppers,” floor studs that are installed in little nooks outside of buildings that homeless people typically sleep 
in or rest in, and water sprinklers that activate with no other purpose than to discourage people from loitering.
 View image on Twitter
Though hostile architecture has, for the most part, been seen as having a negative 

impact on its surrounding environment, there are some instances in which these 
designs help improve the condition of its space. 
Two prime examples are anti-urination devices, also known as urine deflectors, 
and anti-littering devices. Despite the positive impact these particular installations 
have made in their communities, a larger, more prevalent issue still exists that ties 
into discrimination and social justice.
 View image on Twitter
Lawfully speaking, not much can be done with hostile architecture on private property. 
And while there are plenty of hostile architectural designs implemented on private 
property, the problem regarding public accessibility rises when benches and window 
sills are installed with sloped surfaces and studs in an attempt to manage human engagement. Such features bring up the issue of accessibility and the public’s right 
to public space, urban or otherwise. And does designing these spaces in such 
a manner pose as an infringement on human rights, as these architectural elements essentially isolate certain demographics whether it be the homeless or a skateboarder?
- Many critics believe this is the case.
In 2018, British artist Stuart Semple (the same Stuart Semple who created the world’s pinkest pink, most pigmented, flattest black, and most glittery glitter), launched a social media campaign inviting the public to place identifying stickers on examples of hostile design. http://theludlowgroup.com/2018/

View image on Twitter
The debate: Is hostile architecture designing people -- and nature -- out of cities?
Dean Harvey: My initial thought is that this cannot be considered 
an extension of hostile architecture: spikes have been used to protect 
damage to stonework 
from bird 
droppings for many years...
[...]https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/new-dean-harvey-james-
furzer-hostile-architecture-debate/index.html
 Anti-loitering spikes on a window edge in Paris, France.
 *Sources of information
The Discussion On Hostile Architecture: 
A Public Service Or Infringement On Human Rights?
http://theludlowgroup.com/2018/03/01/the-discussion-on-hostile-
architecture-a-public-service-or-infringement-on-human-rights/
View image on Twitter View image on Twitter
15 Examples of 'Anti-Homeless' Hostile Architecture 
That You Probably Never Noticed Before
- https://interestingengineering.com/15-examples-anti-homeless-
hostile-architecture-that-you-probably-never-noticed-before
The rise of hostile architecture
- https://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/28/world/gallery/hostile-architecture/index.html

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